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Windows11上Linux安装教程
- 发布日期：2024-01-09 11:50 点击次数：146 Windows11上Linux安装教程
超简单，不安装虚拟机，Windows11运行Linux
安装注意事项出现错误有可能是少了驱动
驱动下载地址安装OK
在这里插入图片描述
输入命令：sudo apt-get install vim
aq@AQST:~$ sudo apt-get install vim [sudo] password for aq: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny Suggested packages: ctags vim-doc vim-scripts indent The following packages will be upgraded: vim vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny 4 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and83not upgraded. Need to get 7785 kB of archives. After this operation, 4096 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [1242 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-tiny amd64 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [581 kB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [5875 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-common all 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [87.1 kB] Fetched 7785 kB in 22s (362 kB/s) (Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../vim_2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_amd64.deb ... Unpacking vim (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ... Preparing to unpack .../vim-tiny_2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_amd64.deb ... Unpacking vim-tiny (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ... Preparing to unpack .../vim-runtime_2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_all.deb ... Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ... Preparing to unpack .../vim-common_2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_all.deb ... Unpacking vim-common (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ... Setting up vim-common (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ... Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ... Setting up vim (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ... Setting up vim-tiny (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...安装gcc编译器
输入命令：sudo apt-get install gcc
aq@AQST:~$ sudo apt-get install gcc Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc-10-base gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgcc-s1 libgomp1 libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libquadmath0 libstdc++6 libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev manpages-dev Suggested packages: binutils-doc cpp-doc gcc-9-locales gcc-multilib make autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-9-multilib gcc-9-doc glibc-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgomp1 libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libquadmath0 libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev manpages-dev The following packages will be upgraded: gcc-10-base libc6 libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 4 upgraded, 28 newly installed, 0 to remove and79not upgraded. Need to get 37.3 MB of archives. After this operation, 150 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc6 amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [2722 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-10-base amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [20.8 kB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libstdc++6 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [501 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgcc-s1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [41.8 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-common amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [207 kB] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libbinutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [473 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libctf-nobfd0 amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [47.4 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libctf0 amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [46.6 kB] Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [1613 kB] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [3376 B] Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-9-base amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [18.9 kB] Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libisl22 amd64 0.22.1-1 [592 kB] Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libmpc3 amd64 1.1.0-1 [40.8 kB] Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 cpp-9 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [7502 kB] Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 cpp amd64 4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2 [27.6 kB] Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libcc1-0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [48.8 kB] Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgomp1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [102 kB] Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libitm1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [26.2 kB] Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libatomic1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [9284 B] Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libasan5 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [2752 kB] Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 liblsan0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [835 kB] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libtsan0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [2016 kB] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libubsan1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [785 kB] Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libquadmath0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [146 kB] Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgcc-9-dev amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [2359 kB] Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-9 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [8276 kB] Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 gcc amd64 4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2 [5208 B] Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc-dev-bin amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [71.6 kB] Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 5.4.0-165.182 [1112 kB] Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libcrypt-dev amd64 1:4.4.10-10ubuntu4 [104 kB] Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc6-dev amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [2519 kB] Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 manpages-dev all 5.05-1 [2266 kB] Fetched 37.3 MB in 1min 31s (410 kB/s) Extracting templates from packages: 100% Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.31-0ubuntu9.12_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) over (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ... Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) ... (Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../gcc-10-base_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) over (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... (Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libstdc++6_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libstdc++6:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) over (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libstdc++6:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... (Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libgcc-s1_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgcc-s1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) over (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libgcc-s1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package binutils-common:amd64. (Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-binutils-common_2.34-6ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking binutils-common:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package libbinutils:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../01-libbinutils_2.34-6ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libbinutils:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package libctf-nobfd0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../02-libctf-nobfd0_2.34-6ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libctf-nobfd0:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package libctf0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../03-libctf0_2.34-6ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libctf0:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu. Preparing to unpack .../04-binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu_2.34-6ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package binutils. Preparing to unpack .../05-binutils_2.34-6ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking binutils (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package gcc-9-base:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../06-gcc-9-base_9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gcc-9-base:amd64 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libisl22:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../07-libisl22_0.22.1-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libisl22:amd64 (0.22.1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libmpc3:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../08-libmpc3_1.1.0-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libmpc3:amd64 (1.1.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package cpp-9. Preparing to unpack .../09-cpp-9_9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking cpp-9 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package cpp. Preparing to unpack .../10-cpp_4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking cpp (4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libcc1-0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../11-libcc1-0_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcc1-0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgomp1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../12-libgomp1_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgomp1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libitm1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../13-libitm1_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libitm1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libatomic1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../14-libatomic1_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libatomic1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libasan5:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../15-libasan5_9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libasan5:amd64 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package liblsan0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../16-liblsan0_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking liblsan0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libtsan0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../17-libtsan0_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libtsan0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libubsan1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../18-libubsan1_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libubsan1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libquadmath0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../19-libquadmath0_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libquadmath0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgcc-9-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../20-libgcc-9-dev_9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgcc-9-dev:amd64 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gcc-9. Preparing to unpack .../21-gcc-9_9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gcc-9 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gcc. Preparing to unpack .../22-gcc_4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gcc (4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libc-dev-bin. Preparing to unpack .../23-libc-dev-bin_2.31-0ubuntu9.12_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libc-dev-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-libc-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../24-linux-libc-dev_5.4.0-165.182_amd64.deb ... Unpacking linux-libc-dev:amd64 (5.4.0-165.182) ... Selecting previously unselected package libcrypt-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../25-libcrypt-dev_1:4.4.10-10ubuntu4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcrypt-dev:amd64 (1:4.4.10-10ubuntu4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libc6-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../26-libc6-dev_2.31-0ubuntu9.12_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libc6-dev:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) ... Selecting previously unselected package manpages-dev. Preparing to unpack .../27-manpages-dev_5.05-1_all.deb ... Unpacking manpages-dev (5.05-1) ... Setting up manpages-dev (5.05-1) ... Setting up binutils-common:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Setting up linux-libc-dev:amd64 (5.4.0-165.182) ... Setting up libctf-nobfd0:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Setting up libgomp1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libquadmath0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libmpc3:amd64 (1.1.0-1) ... Setting up libatomic1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libubsan1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libcrypt-dev:amd64 (1:4.4.10-10ubuntu4) ... Setting up libisl22:amd64 (0.22.1-1) ... Setting up libbinutils:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) ... Setting up libcc1-0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up liblsan0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libitm1:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up gcc-9-base:amd64 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Setting up libtsan0:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ... Setting up libctf0:amd64 (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Setting up libasan5:amd64 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Setting up cpp-9 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Setting up libc6-dev:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) ... Setting up binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Setting up binutils (2.34-6ubuntu1.6) ... Setting up libgcc-9-dev:amd64 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Setting up cpp (4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up gcc-9 (9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2) ... Setting up gcc (4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ...VI/VIM介绍
vim是Linux环境下一款功能强大、高度可定制的文本编辑工具，类似于Windows下面的source insight、sublime、notepad。VI是visual interface的缩写，即可视化接口。vim 即 vi IMproved，在 vi 的基础上做了很多改进，如：增加了多级撤销、多窗口操作、崩溃后也可以恢复、增加了稳定性、关键字自动补全、上下文自动补全等功能。
VIM的工作模式vim一般有6种工作模式。
普通模式 ：使用vim打开一个文件时默认模式，也叫命令模式，允许用户通过各种命令浏览代码、滚屏等操作。
插入模式 ：也可以叫做编辑模式，在普通模式下敲击 i 、a 或 o 就进入插入模式，允许用户通过键盘输入、编辑。
命令行模式 ：在普通模式下，先输入冒号:，接着输入命令，就可以通过配置命令对vim进行配置了，Murata(村田)无源电子元器件 如改变颜色主题、显示行号等，这些配置命令也可以保存到/etc/vim/vimrc配置文件中，每次打开默认配置执行。
可视化模式 ：在普通模式下敲击前盘上的 v 键，就进入可视化模式，然后移动光标就可以选中一块文本，常用来完成文本的复制、粘贴、删除等操作。
替换模式 ：如果我们想修改某个字符，不需要先进入插入模式，删除，然后再输入新的字符，直接在普通模式下，敲击R键就可以直接替换。
EX模式 ：类似于命令行模式，可以一次运行多个命令
有关VIM的命令很多 这里仅仅测试
VIM的保存和退出指令Vim的保存和退出命令
编写Hello world.c代码vim hello.c i进入指令模式进行编写代码
esc 退出指令模式 :wq 保存编辑的内容并退出Vim编辑器.编译hello.c代码
aq@AQST:~$ gcc hello.c -o hello aq@AQST:~$ ls hello hello.c运行helle.exe 打印Hello World!
aq@AQST:~$ ls hello hello.c aq@AQST:~$ ./hello Hello World!makefile
多文件编译需要用到makefile 环境至此测试完毕，以后就可以方便的学习系统编程了
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